Carbylamine Test

Question

Carbylamine test requires chloroform and alcoholic KOH; characteristic product is:

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1. **Reaction**: Aliphatic or aromatic primary amine + $CHCl_3 + 3KOH \xrightarrow{\Delta} R-NC + 3KCl + 3H_2O$.
2. **Characteristic**: The product is an alkyl or aryl **isocyanide** (also called a carbylamine).
3. **Observation**: Isocyanides have a highly unpleasant, **offensive odor** (described as a 'foul smell').
4. **Diagnostic Value**: Since only primary amines ($1^\circ$) undergo this reaction, it is used to distinguish them from secondary ($2^\circ$) and tertiary ($3^\circ$) amines.

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Carbylamine Test

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Carbylamine test gives foul smell indicating presence of:

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