Diazo Coupling

Question

Diazonium salts couple with phenols in alkaline solution to form:

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1. **Coupling Reaction**: Diazonium salts act as weak electrophiles. They can react with highly activated aromatic rings like phenols or anilines.
2. **Environment**: For Phenol, a weakly alkaline medium ($pH \approx 9\u201310$) is used to convert phenol to the more reactive phenoxide ion.
3. **Product Structure**: The two aromatic rings are linked by an **azo group** ($-N=N-$), creating an extended conjugated system.
4. **Appearance**: Due to the conjugation, these **azo-compounds** are intensely colored and are used as **dyes** ($e.g.,$ p-hydroxyazobenzene is orange).

Diazo Coupling

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