Reproductive Health

Assisted reproductive technologies for infertile couples are summarised in NCERT Class 12, Chapter 4 (Reproductive Health). When the male partner has a low sperm count or low motility but the female tract is normal, the technique of intrauterine insemination, or IUI, is recommended, in which semen collected from the husband or a donor is introduced directly into the uterus. This places concentrated sperm closer to the egg, improving the chance of natural fertilization inside the body. In vitro fertilization is incorrect because it involves fertilizing the egg with sperm outside the body in the laboratory before transferring the embryo, which is a more invasive approach than required here. Zygote intrafallopian transfer involves placing an already formed zygote into the fallopian tube and is not simple sperm introduction. Gamete intrafallopian transfer transfers both gametes into the fallopian tube of a female who cannot provide a suitable environment, which does not match a low-sperm-count scenario. A logical check confirms IUI as the direct sperm-introduction method described.