Reproductive Health

Question

Copper acts in intrauterine devices chiefly by:

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1. **Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)**: Effective contraceptive methods inserted into the uterus.
2. **Copper-releasing IUDs** ($e.g.,$ CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375).
3. **Mechanism of Action**: The copper ions ($Cu^{2+}$) released into the uterine fluid:
   - Increase the phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus.
   - **Suppress sperm motility** and the fertilizing capacity of the sperm.
   - Induce a sterile **inflammatory reaction** in the endometrium that is toxic to both sperm and the blastocyst.
4. **Non-hormonal**: Unlike oral pills, copper IUDs do not prevent ovulation or suppress pituitary hormones.

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Reproductive Health

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