Human Reproduction

Spermatogenesis follows an equal-division pattern, contrasting with oogenesis, as set out in NCERT Class 12, Chapter 3 (Human Reproduction). A diploid primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division to form two haploid secondary spermatocytes, and each of these undergoes the second meiotic division to give two spermatids, producing four haploid spermatids in total. All four spermatids then differentiate into functional sperm through spermiogenesis, so the yield per primary spermatocyte is four. The option two is incorrect because that represents only the secondary spermatocytes formed after meiosis I, not the final count. One is wrong, as that pattern describes oogenesis, where unequal division yields a single functional ovum. Three is incorrect because no spermatids degenerate during normal spermatogenesis. A numerical sanity check confirms the answer: two secondary spermatocytes, each forming two spermatids, give two multiplied by two, equalling four functional sperm, exactly as the question requires.