Vsepr & Hybridisation

Question

Which statement about hydrogen bonding is correct?

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1. **Nature of H-Bonding**: It is a strong dipole-dipole attraction (not a formal covalent bond).
2. **Conditions**: 
   - Hydrogen must be covalently bonded to a small, **highly electronegative** atom (**F, O, or N**).
   - An electronegative atom (F, O, N) with a lone pair must be nearby.
3. **Why only F, O, N?**: Their high electronegativity creates a large partial positive charge on H, and their small size allows the atoms to get close enough for strong interaction.
4. **Effects**: Significantly raises **boiling points** (e.g., $H_2O$ vs $H_2S$) and increases solubility in polar solvents.
5. **Strength**: It is much weaker than covalent bonds but stronger than normal van der Waals forces.

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