Vsepr & Hybridisation

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Which set lists increasing bond length for the carbon–oxygen bonds?

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1. **Bond Order Link**: Bond length is inversely proportional to bond order. 2. **Analysis of Bonds**: - **C=O (Ketone)**: A nearly pure double bond ($BO \approx 2$). Shortest. - **C=O (Amide)**: The Nitrogen lone pair delocalizes into the carbonyl ($O-C=N \leftrightarrow O^--C=N^+$). This resonance gives the $C-O$ bond partial single bond character, increasing its length compared to ketones. - **C-O (Alcohol)**: A standard single bond ($BO = 1$). Longest. 3. **Comparison**: $ ext{Single} > ext{Partial Double} > ext{Double}$. 4. **Result**: **Ketone < Amide < Alcohol**.

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