Sandmeyer Reaction

Mediumchemistry

Sandmeyer reaction converts:

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Alkyl halides to alcohols

Diazonium salts to aryl halides

Amines to amides

Alcohols to halides

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Subject: chemistry
Chapter: organic compounds containing halogens
Topic: sandmeyer reaction
Difficulty: Medium
Year: 2025

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Diazonium salts to aryl halides

The Sandmeyer Reaction is a versatile route for synthesizing aryl halides from primary aromatic amines.

Diazotization: $A r - N H_{2} + N a N O_{2} + 2 H Cl 0 - 5^{\circ} C A r - N_{2}^{+} C l^{-} + N a Cl + 2 H_{2} O$
Sandmeyer Step: The benzene diazonium chloride is treated with a Copper(I) salt solution.

$A r - N_{2}^{+} C l^{-} C u Cl / H Cl A r - Cl + N_{2}$
$A r - N_{2}^{+} C l^{-} C u B r / H B r A r - B r + N_{2}$
Note: $A r - I$ is prepared simply by shaking with $K I$ , without the need for a Copper(I) salt.

This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter organic compounds containing halogens, covering the topic of sandmeyer reaction. It appeared in the 2025 exam.

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Sandmeyer Reaction

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