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Molecular Orbital Theory

Mediumchemistry

The magnetic character and bond order of NO molecule, which has 15 electrons, as predicted by Molecular Orbital Theory are respectively:

Select the correct option:

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About This Question

Subject
chemistry
Chapter
chemical bonding and molecular structure
Topic
molecular orbital theory
Difficulty
Medium
Year
2025
Tags
MO theorynitric oxideparamagneticbond order 2.5heteronuclear diatomics

Solution

Correct Answer:

Paramagnetic, bond order 2.5

Nitric oxide (NO) is a heteronuclear diatomic molecule with 7 electrons from N and 8 electrons from O, totalling 15 electrons. The molecular orbital energy sequence for NO follows the same pattern as second-period homonuclear diatomics: \sigma(1s)^2 \sigma^(1s)^2 \sigma(2s)^2 \sigma^(2s)^2 \pi(2p_x)^2 \pi(2p_y)^2 \sigma(2p_z)^2 \pi^(2p_x)^1 \pi^(2p_y)^0. The 15th electron enters \pi^(2p_x). Bond order = (bonding electrons - antibonding electrons)/2 = (10 - 5)/2 = 5/2 = 2.5. Since there is one unpaired electron in the \pi^(2p_x) orbital, NO is paramagnetic. Bond order of 2.5 is intermediate between a double bond and a triple bond. Option 'Diamagnetic, bond order 2.0' is incorrect because NO has an odd number of electrons (15), making it inherently paramagnetic with at least one unpaired electron; a bond order of 2.0 would require equal numbers of bonding and antibonding electrons that are all paired. Option 'Paramagnetic, bond order 2.0' gives the correct magnetic character but miscalculates bond order by putting the extra electron in a bonding orbital. Option 'Diamagnetic, bond order 2.5' correctly identifies bond order but wrongly predicts diamagnetism despite the unpaired \pi^* electron. This is a standard JEE Advanced MOT question. Plausibility: NO is experimentally known to be paramagnetic (ESR active) and can easily lose one electron to form NO^+ (which has bond order 3, isoelectronic with N_2), supporting the assignment of the 15th electron to an antibonding orbital.

This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter chemical bonding and molecular structure, covering the topic of molecular orbital theory. It appeared in the 2025 exam.

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