Inductive Effect

Question

Which order correctly represents decreasing +I (electron donating) inductive effect?

RankGuru · Accepted Answer

1. **Inductive Effect (I)**: The relative ability of an atom or group to either withdraw or donate electron density through $\sigma$ bonds.
2. **Alkyl Groups**: Higher alkyl groups act as electron-donating groups ($+I$ effect).
3. **Reasoning**: As the number of methyl groups attached to a central carbon increases, the collective electron-pushing ability increases due to both the inductive effect and hyperconjugation.
4. **Order**:
   - **Tertiary ($3^\circ$)**: $(CH_3)_3C-$ (Three methyl groups)
   - **Secondary ($2^\circ$)**: $(CH_3)_2CH-$
   - **Primary ($1^\circ$)**: $CH_3CH_2-$
   - **Methyl**: $CH_3-$
5. **Conclusion**: The correct decreasing order is **Tertiary > Secondary > Primary > Methyl**.

Inductive Effect

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