Inductive Effect
Which order correctly represents decreasing +I (electron donating) inductive effect?
Select the correct option:
Solution
(CH3)3C− > (CH3)2CH− > CH3CH2− > CH3−
- Inductive Effect (I): The relative ability of an atom or group to either withdraw or donate electron density through σ bonds.
- Alkyl Groups: Higher alkyl groups act as electron-donating groups (+I effect).
- Reasoning: As the number of methyl groups attached to a central carbon increases, the collective electron-pushing ability increases due to both the inductive effect and hyperconjugation.
- Order:
- Tertiary (3∘): (CH3)3C− (Three methyl groups)
- Secondary (2∘): (CH3)2CH−
- Primary (1∘): CH3CH2−
- Methyl: CH3−
- Conclusion: The correct decreasing order is Tertiary > Secondary > Primary > Methyl.
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- basic organic principles
- Topic
- inductive effect
- Difficulty
- Easy
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
(CH3)3C− > (CH3)2CH− > CH3CH2− > CH3−
- Inductive Effect (I): The relative ability of an atom or group to either withdraw or donate electron density through σ bonds.
- Alkyl Groups: Higher alkyl groups act as electron-donating groups (+I effect).
- Reasoning: As the number of methyl groups attached to a central carbon increases, the collective electron-pushing ability increases due to both the inductive effect and hyperconjugation.
- Order:
- Tertiary (3∘): (CH3)3C− (Three methyl groups)
- Secondary (2∘): (CH3)2CH−
- Primary (1∘): CH3CH2−
- Methyl: CH3−
- Conclusion: The correct decreasing order is Tertiary > Secondary > Primary > Methyl.
This easy difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter basic organic principles, covering the topic of inductive effect. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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