Azeotropes

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Minimum boiling azeotrope shows which deviation?

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1. **Boiling Point Logic**: A liquid boils when its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. 
2. **Minimum Boiling point**: Implies that the solution reaches atmospheric pressure at a lower temperature than either pure component.
3. **High Vapor Pressure**: This means the total vapor pressure of the mixture is **higher** than predicted by Raoult's Law.
4. **Link to Deviations**: High vapor pressure is the definition of a **positive deviation** ($A \dots B$ interactions are weaker).
5. **Example**: Mixture of Ethanol ($BP \approx 78.4^\circ C$) and Water ($BP = 100^\circ C$). The azeotrope boils at $78.2^\circ C$.

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An azeotropic mixture of ethanol and water boils at:

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