Amines
The order of basicity of amines in aqueous solution is:
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- organic compounds containing nitrogen
- Topic
- amines
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
2° > 1° > 3° > NH₃
In aqueous solution, the basicity of amines is determined by three factors:
- Inductive Effect: Alkyl groups are electron-donating (+I), increasing electron density on Nitrogen. Order: 3∘>2∘>1∘>NH3.
- Solvation Effect: The stability of the conjugate acid (RnNH4−n+) through H-bonding with water. Order: 1∘>2∘>3∘ (more H-atoms mean better solvation).
- Steric Hindrance: Bulky alkyl groups hinder the approach of a proton. Especially significant for 3∘ amines.
- Result: The interplay of these effects results in the order: Secondary (2∘) > Primary (1∘) > Tertiary (3∘) > NH3 (for methyl substituted amines).
This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter organic compounds containing nitrogen, covering the topic of amines. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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