work function hard

Question

Work function φ physically represents minimum energy to:

RankGuru · Accepted Answer

The **Work Function** ($\Phi$) is the minimum energy required to liberate an electron from the surface of a solid (usually a metal) into vacuum.
- Specifically, it is the energy difference between the Fermi level and the vacuum level.
- Different metals have different work functions. Lower $\Phi$ means electrons are easier to emit (e.g., Alkali metals).

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work function hard

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