williamson synthesis

Question

Williamson ether synthesis involves:

RankGuru · Accepted Answer

**Williamson Ether Synthesis** is the most important laboratory method for preparing symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers.
- Reaction: $R-O^-Na^+ + R'-X 	o R-O-R' + NaX$
- Mechanism: It follows an **$S_N2$ pathway**, where the alkoxide ion serves as a nucleophile attacking the alkyl halide.
- **Constraint**: To achieve high yields, especially for unsymmetrical ethers, the alkyl halide ($R'-X$) should be **primary ($1^\circ$)**. Secondary or tertiary halides primarily undergo elimination ($E2$) to form alkenes due to the basic nature of the alkoxide.

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williamson synthesis

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