Skip to content

Third Law And Absolute Entropy

Mediumchemistry

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, the absolute entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero temperature is zero. Which of the following statements is the most correct consequence of this law?

Select the correct option:

🔒 Solution Hidden from View

Submit your answer to unlock the detailed step-by-step solution.

About This Question

Subject
chemistry
Chapter
chemical thermodynamics
Topic
third law and absolute entropy
Difficulty
Medium
Year
2025
Tags
third law of thermodynamicsabsolute entropyperfect crystalstandard molar entropyresidual entropy

Solution

Correct Answer:

It is possible to calculate absolute entropies of substances at any temperature above 0 K

The Third Law of Thermodynamics provides an absolute reference point for entropy: for a perfectly ordered crystal at 0 K, (S = 0). This is a profound consequence because it allows absolute entropies (not just entropy differences) to be calculated by integrating (C_p/T) from 0 K to the desired temperature, accounting for all phase transitions along the way. This is the basis for standard molar entropies (S^\circ) tabulated in thermodynamic tables. Option A is incorrect because the Third Law applies only to perfect crystals — substances with residual disorder (like ice with hydrogen-bond disorder) have non-zero residual entropy at 0 K. Option C is incorrect — reactions can have (\Delta S \neq 0) at absolute zero if the products and reactants have different residual entropies. Option D is the opposite of what the Third Law enables: it actually makes low-temperature entropy measurements possible and meaningful. This is an NCERT and JEE Advanced conceptual question on the Third Law. Plausibility check: standard molar entropies are always positive (or zero) for all pure substances, consistent with the Third Law providing a universal zero reference.

This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter chemical thermodynamics, covering the topic of third law and absolute entropy. It appeared in the 2025 exam.

Looking for more practice? Explore all chemistry questions or browse chemical thermodynamics questions on RankGuru.