Symmetric Cubic Of Roots
If alpha and beta are roots of x^2 - 2x + 4 = 0, then the value of the symmetric expression alpha cubed plus beta cubed evaluated through identities equals which number?
Select the correct option:
Solution
−16
Symmetric power sums of roots are computed from the sum and product via algebraic identities, a routine JEE Advanced technique avoiding explicit roots. For x^2 - 2x + 4 = 0, Vieta gives alpha + beta = 2 and alpha beta = 4. The identity alpha^3 + beta^3 = (alpha + beta)^3 - 3 alpha beta (alpha + beta) applies. Substituting, (2)^3 - 3·4·2 = 8 - 24 = -16. The cube-sum identity expresses the answer entirely through the elementary symmetric functions, the standard pattern. Option 8 uses only the first term (alpha + beta)^3. Option 16 drops the sign of the correction. Option -8 miscomputes the product term. Hence alpha^3 + beta^3 = -16. Plausibility check: the roots are 1 ± i√3, complex conjugates whose cubes are conjugate, so their sum is real, and computing (1 + i√3)^3 = -8 gives -8 + -8 = -16, independently confirming the identity-based result. Power sums of roots build systematically from the elementary symmetric functions through Newton's identities, of which the cube-sum formula used here is a special case. Because the roots form a conjugate pair, their cubes are also conjugates and their sum is necessarily real, a structural check that independently corroborates the value obtained purely from the sum and product via the algebraic identity.
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About This Question
- Subject
- mathematics
- Chapter
- complex numbers and quadratic equations
- Topic
- symmetric cubic of roots
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
−16
Symmetric power sums of roots are computed from the sum and product via algebraic identities, a routine JEE Advanced technique avoiding explicit roots. For x^2 - 2x + 4 = 0, Vieta gives alpha + beta = 2 and alpha beta = 4. The identity alpha^3 + beta^3 = (alpha + beta)^3 - 3 alpha beta (alpha + beta) applies. Substituting, (2)^3 - 3·4·2 = 8 - 24 = -16. The cube-sum identity expresses the answer entirely through the elementary symmetric functions, the standard pattern. Option 8 uses only the first term (alpha + beta)^3. Option 16 drops the sign of the correction. Option -8 miscomputes the product term. Hence alpha^3 + beta^3 = -16. Plausibility check: the roots are 1 ± i√3, complex conjugates whose cubes are conjugate, so their sum is real, and computing (1 + i√3)^3 = -8 gives -8 + -8 = -16, independently confirming the identity-based result. Power sums of roots build systematically from the elementary symmetric functions through Newton's identities, of which the cube-sum formula used here is a special case. Because the roots form a conjugate pair, their cubes are also conjugates and their sum is necessarily real, a structural check that independently corroborates the value obtained purely from the sum and product via the algebraic identity.
This medium difficulty mathematics question is from the chapter complex numbers and quadratic equations, covering the topic of symmetric cubic of roots. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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