Stability Of Alkenes

Question

Alkene stability increases with:

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1. **Thermodynamic Data**: Heats of combustion show that more highly substituted alkenes release less energy, meaning they are inherently more stable.
2. **Hyperconjugation**: Alkyl groups attached to $sp^2$ carbons have $C-H$ $\sigma$-bonds that can overlap with the empty $\pi^*$ antibonding orbital. This delocalizes the electrons and stabilizes the molecule.
3. **Count**: The number of hyperconjugative structures depends on the number of $\alpha$-hydrogens. More alkyl groups $	o$ more $\alpha$-hydrogens $	o$ **Higher Stability**.
4. **Order**: Tetrasubstituted > Trisubstituted > Disubstituted > Monosubstituted.

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Stability Of Alkenes

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