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Pair Of Straight Lines

Hardmathematics

The homogeneous second-degree equation 6x^2 + 11xy + 3y^2 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines through the origin; what is the acute angle between them?

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About This Question

Subject
mathematics
Chapter
coordinate geometry
Topic
pair of straight lines
Difficulty
Hard
Year
2025
Tags
advanced-calculus-drillpair of straight linesangle between lineshomogeneous equationfactorization

Solution

Correct Answer:

A homogeneous equation ax^2 + 2hxy + by^2 = 0 always factors into two lines through the origin, and the angle between them follows from tan(theta) = 2 sqrt(h^2 - ab) / |a + b|. Here a = 6, b = 3, and 2h = 11 so h = 11/2. The sum of coefficients is a + b = 9, which fixes the denominator of the tangent expression. The numerator is 2 sqrt(h^2 - ab) = 2 sqrt((11/2)^2 - 6*3) = 2 sqrt(121/4 - 18) = 2 sqrt(49/4) = 2 * (7/2) = 7. Dividing by a + b = 9 gives tan(theta) = 7/9, so the acute angle between the pair of lines is tan^{-1}(7/9). Option tan^{-1}(5/9) misreads the discriminant h^2 - ab. Option tan^{-1}(5/3) ignores the denominator a + b. Option tan^{-1}(1) wrongly assumes perpendicular lines, which would require a + b = 0. The result tan^{-1}(7/9) is the acute angle since the ratio 7/9 is positive and less than 1, matching the discriminant-over-trace structure of the angle formula.

This hard difficulty mathematics question is from the chapter coordinate geometry, covering the topic of pair of straight lines. It appeared in the 2025 exam.

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