ortho-para directors

Question

Which group is ortho-para directing and activating?

RankGuru · Accepted Answer

Groups already present on a benzene ring influence both the reactivity and the orientation of incoming electrophiles.
1. **Activating Groups**: Increase electron density in the ring, making it more reactive. These are almost always **Ortho-Para ($o, p$) directing**.
- Examples: **$-OH, -NH_2, -CH_3, -OR$**.
- The hydroxyl group ($-OH$) has lone pairs that can be donated via resonance ($+M$ effect) to the $o$ and $p$ positions.
2. **Deactivating Groups**: Electron-withdrawing groups ($-NO_2, -CN, -CHO$) are **Meta directing**.

Rank Guru

ortho-para directors

Select the correct option: