Ortho-para Directors
Which group is ortho-para directing and activating?
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- hydrocarbons
- Topic
- ortho-para directors
- Difficulty
- Easy
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
-OH
Groups already present on a benzene ring influence both the reactivity and the orientation of incoming electrophiles.
- Activating Groups: Increase electron density in the ring, making it more reactive. These are almost always Ortho-Para (o,p) directing.
- Examples: −OH,−NH2,−CH3,−OR.
- The hydroxyl group (−OH) has lone pairs that can be donated via resonance (+M effect) to the o and p positions.
- Deactivating Groups: Electron-withdrawing groups (−NO2,−CN,−CHO) are Meta directing.
This easy difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter hydrocarbons, covering the topic of ortho-para directors. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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