Optical Fiber Principle

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Optical fibers work mainly on?

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1. **Fiber Structure**: Consists of a central core made of high-quality glass or plastic, surrounded by a cladding layer with a lower refractive index ($n_{core} > n_{cladding}$).
2. **Mechanism**: Light signals are launched into the core at an angle greater than the critical angle.
3. **Propagation**: The light undergoes repeated **Total Internal Reflection (TIR)** at the core-cladding boundary, essentially 'bouncing' along the length of the fiber.
4. **Advantage**: This allows for extremely low-loss transmission of data over very long distances.

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Optical Fiber Principle

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