Nitro Compounds

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Reduction of nitrobenzene in acidic medium gives:

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The reduction of the nitro group ($-NO_2$) to the amino group ($-NH_2$) can be achieved through several methods:
- **In Acidic Medium**: Nitrobenzene is reduced using metals like **Tin ($Sn$)** or **Iron ($Fe$)** with concentrated $HCl$.
Reaction: $C_6H_5NO_2 + 6[H] \xrightarrow{Sn/HCl} C_6H_5NH_2 + 2H_2O$
- The product is **Aniline**. 
- Iron scrap and $HCl$ is preferred industrially because the generated $FeCl_2$ is hydrolyzed to release $HCl$, thus only a small amount of acid is initiated for the whole process.

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Nitro Compounds

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