Monosaccharide Isomerism

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Glucose and fructose are:

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1. **Molecular Formula**: Both Glucose and Fructose share the same molecular formula, $C_6H_{12}O_6$.
2. **Identify Structures**:
   - **Glucose**: An **aldohexose** (contains an aldehyde group $-CHO$ at C-1).
   - **Fructose**: A **ketohexose** (contains a keto group $>C=O$ at C-2).
3. **Isomerism Type**: Since they differ in the nature of their functional groups while having the same molecular formula, they are **functional group isomers**.
4. **Definitions of others**:
   - **Epimers**: Differ at only one chiral center other than the anomeric carbon (e.g., Glucose and Galactose).
   - **Anomers**: Differ in configuration specifically at the anomeric carbon ($C-1$ for glucose).

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Monosaccharide Isomerism

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