Metallic bonding follows the Electron Sea Model, where metal cations are submerged in a sea of delocalized valence electrons.

• The mobility of these electrons accounts for high electrical and thermal conductivity.
• Since the metallic bond is non-directional, metal layers can slide over each other without repulsion, making them malleable and ductile.
• Brittleness is characteristic of ionic solids, where displacement causes similarly charged ions to repel and shatter the crystal lattice.