Magnetic Dipole Torque Hard

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Torque on magnetic dipole m in uniform field B is:

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A magnetic dipole (like a bar magnet or a current loop) in a magnetic field experiences a torque that tries to align its dipole moment $\vec{m}$ with the field $\vec{B}$.
$\vec{	au} = \vec{m} 	imes \vec{B}$
- Magnitude: $	au = m B \sin 	heta$
- Potential energy of the dipole: $U = -\vec{m} \cdot \vec{B} = -mB \cos 	heta$. Minimum energy is at $	heta = 0^\circ$ (stable equilibrium).

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Magnetic Dipole Torque Hard

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