Magnetic Dipole Torque Hard

A magnetic dipole (like a bar magnet or a current loop) in a magnetic field experiences a torque that tries to align its dipole moment $m$ with the field $B$ . $τ = m \times B$

Magnitude: $τ = m B sin θ$
Potential energy of the dipole: $U = - m \cdot B = - m B cos θ$ . Minimum energy is at $θ = 0^{\circ}$ (stable equilibrium).

This hard difficulty physics question is from the chapter magnetic effects of current and magnetism, covering the topic of magnetic dipole torque hard. It appeared in the 2025 exam.

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Magnetic Dipole Torque Hard

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