Isotonic Solutions

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Two solutions with identical osmotic pressure at same temperature are termed:

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1. **Prefix 'Iso-'**: Means identical or equal.
2. **Definition**: **Isotonic solutions** are solutions having the **same osmotic pressure** at a given temperature.
3. **Consequence**: When two isotonic solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, there is **no net movement of solvent** (osmosis does not occur).
4. **Concentration**: For non-electrolytes, isotonic means they have equal molarities ($C_1 = C_2$). For electrolytes, it means $i_1 C_1 = i_2 C_2$.
5. **Medical context**: $0.91\% (w/v)$ salt solution is isotonic with human red blood cells, ensuring they don't shrink or swell.

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Isotonic Solutions

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