Inert Pair Effect

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Inert pair effect is maximum in:

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The **Inert Pair Effect** refers to the reluctance of the outermost $s$-orbital electrons to participate in bonding in heavy $p$-block elements.
- It results in the preference for an oxidation state that is **2 units less** than the group valency.
- It is most pronounced in **Group 13** ($B, Al, Ga, In, Tl$).
- For **Thallium ($Tl$)**, the $+1$ oxidation state is much more stable than the $+3$ state due to this effect.

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Inert Pair Effect

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More inert pair effect Practice Questions

Inert pair effect increases down Group 14 leading to stabilization of which oxidation state?

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