Hybridisation In Organic Molecules
In a molecule of propyne, the two carbon atoms joined by the triple bond adopt which hybridisation state to accommodate that bonding?
Select the correct option:
Solution
sp
The hybridisation of a carbon atom is decided by the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs around it, which together equal the steric number. In propyne, CH_3-C#CH, the two triple-bonded carbons each form one sigma bond within the triple bond plus one additional sigma bond to a neighbouring group, giving a steric number of two. A steric number of two corresponds to sp hybridisation, leaving two unhybridised p orbitals on each carbon to form the two pi bonds of the triple bond and producing a linear arrangement. The choice sp^2 is wrong because that applies to carbons with a steric number of three, such as those in a double bond. The choice sp^3 describes carbons with four sigma bonds, like the methyl carbon, not the triple-bonded ones. The choice sp^3d is irrelevant for carbon, which cannot expand its octet. This follows the NCERT correlation between sigma-bond count and hybridisation. Plausibility check: a linear, 180-degree triple-bond geometry is only consistent with sp hybridisation.
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- some basic principles of organic chemistry
- Topic
- hybridisation in organic molecules
- Difficulty
- Easy
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
sp
The hybridisation of a carbon atom is decided by the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs around it, which together equal the steric number. In propyne, CH_3-C#CH, the two triple-bonded carbons each form one sigma bond within the triple bond plus one additional sigma bond to a neighbouring group, giving a steric number of two. A steric number of two corresponds to sp hybridisation, leaving two unhybridised p orbitals on each carbon to form the two pi bonds of the triple bond and producing a linear arrangement. The choice sp^2 is wrong because that applies to carbons with a steric number of three, such as those in a double bond. The choice sp^3 describes carbons with four sigma bonds, like the methyl carbon, not the triple-bonded ones. The choice sp^3d is irrelevant for carbon, which cannot expand its octet. This follows the NCERT correlation between sigma-bond count and hybridisation. Plausibility check: a linear, 180-degree triple-bond geometry is only consistent with sp hybridisation.
This easy difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter some basic principles of organic chemistry, covering the topic of hybridisation in organic molecules. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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