Estimation Of Nitrogen (kjeldahl's Method)
In Kjeldahl's method, 0.30 g of an organic compound liberated ammonia that exactly neutralised 30 mL of 0.1 N sulphuric acid; what is the percentage of nitrogen in the compound?
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Solution
14%
Kjeldahl's method estimates nitrogen by heating the organic compound with concentrated sulphuric acid so that the nitrogen is converted into ammonium sulphate. On treating with excess alkali, ammonia is liberated, absorbed in a known volume of standard acid, and the acid that reacts is determined. The percentage of nitrogen is given by %N = (1.4 x normality of acid x volume of acid in mL) / (mass of compound in g). Substituting the data: %N = (1.4 x 0.1 x 30) / 0.30 = 4.2 / 0.30 = 14%. The factor 1.4 arises from 14 (equivalent mass of nitrogen) divided by 10 when concentrations are in normality and volume in millilitres. The value 9.33% comes from wrongly dividing by 0.45 g or mismatching the volume. The value 4.2% mistakenly omits division by the mass, leaving only the numerator scaled wrongly. The value 28% doubles the result, as if two equivalents of nitrogen were counted per acid equivalent, which is incorrect. This formula is exactly the NCERT Kjeldahl relation. Plausibility check: a 14% nitrogen content is reasonable for a typical nitrogenous organic compound, confirming the answer.
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- purification and characterisation of organic compounds
- Topic
- estimation of nitrogen (kjeldahl's method)
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
14%
Kjeldahl's method estimates nitrogen by heating the organic compound with concentrated sulphuric acid so that the nitrogen is converted into ammonium sulphate. On treating with excess alkali, ammonia is liberated, absorbed in a known volume of standard acid, and the acid that reacts is determined. The percentage of nitrogen is given by %N = (1.4 x normality of acid x volume of acid in mL) / (mass of compound in g). Substituting the data: %N = (1.4 x 0.1 x 30) / 0.30 = 4.2 / 0.30 = 14%. The factor 1.4 arises from 14 (equivalent mass of nitrogen) divided by 10 when concentrations are in normality and volume in millilitres. The value 9.33% comes from wrongly dividing by 0.45 g or mismatching the volume. The value 4.2% mistakenly omits division by the mass, leaving only the numerator scaled wrongly. The value 28% doubles the result, as if two equivalents of nitrogen were counted per acid equivalent, which is incorrect. This formula is exactly the NCERT Kjeldahl relation. Plausibility check: a 14% nitrogen content is reasonable for a typical nitrogenous organic compound, confirming the answer.
This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter purification and characterisation of organic compounds, covering the topic of estimation of nitrogen (kjeldahl's method). It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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