ecological succession

Question

Primary succession begins on substrates such as:

RankGuru · Accepted Answer

1. **Ecological Succession**: The gradual change in species composition in a given area.
2. **Primary Succession**: Occurs in newly formed or exposed areas where **no soil or life** ever existed before.
   - **Examples**: Newly cooled lava, bare rock, newly formed ponds.
3. **Secondary Succession**: Occurs in areas where a biological community has been removed but the **soil remains**.
   - **Examples**: Abandoned farms, burned forests, flooded areas.
4. **Pioneer Species**: Lichens are typically the pioneer species in primary succession on bare rock, helping to break down the rock into soil.

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ecological succession

Select the correct option: