Doping N-type

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n-type semiconductor doping introduces?

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1. **n-type Doping**: Formed by adding pentavalent impurities (atoms with 5 valence electrons, like Phosphorus or Arsenic) to a tetravalent semiconductor (Silicon).
2. **Bonding Configuration**: Four of the impurity's valence electrons form covalent bonds with neighboring Si atoms. The fifth electron is weakly bound and easily becomes a free conduction electron.
3. **Role of Impurity**: Since these atoms 'donate' a conduction electron without creating a hole, they are called **donor impurities**.
4. **Carrier Concentration**: This process significantly increases the concentration of **electrons** ($n_e \gg n_h$), making them the majority carriers.
5. **Charge Neutrality**: Despite the excess free electrons, the material remains electrically neutral as the positive charge of the donor nuclei balances the negative charge of the carrier.

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Doping N-type

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