Diene Stability

Conjugated Dienes: Dienes where double bonds are separated by exactly one single bond ( $C = C - C = C$ ).
Isolated Dienes: Dienes where double bonds are separated by two or more single bonds.
Stability Cause: In conjugated dienes, there is overlap of $p$ -orbitals across the entire system, allowing $π$ -electron delocalization and resonance.
Thermodynamics: Heat of hydrogenation shows that conjugated systems ( $e . g .,$ 1,3-butadiene) are significantly more stable (lower in energy) than isolated or cumulated ones.
Cumulated Dienes: Dienes like 1,2-butadiene (allenes) where double bonds share a common carbon are the least stable due to inner carbon-carbon strain.

This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter hydrocarbons, covering the topic of diene stability. It appeared in the 2025 exam.

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Diene Stability

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A hydrocarbon with the molecular formula $C_{6} H_{10}$ is being analysed, and the total number of degr...