Cube Roots Of Unity
Let omega be a non-real cube root of unity; the value of the expression (1 + omega)^3 - (1 + omega^2)^3 evaluated using the standard identities equals which number?
Select the correct option:
Solution
0
The non-real cube roots of unity satisfy 1 + omega + omega^2 = 0 and omega^3 = 1, identities that drive most JEE Advanced complex-number simplifications. From the first identity, 1 + omega = -omega^2 and 1 + omega^2 = -omega. Therefore (1 + omega)^3 = (-omega^2)^3 = -omega^6 = -(omega^3)^2 = -1, and (1 + omega^2)^3 = (-omega)^3 = -omega^3 = -1. The required difference is (-1) - (-1) = 0. The symmetry between omega and omega^2 makes the two cubes equal, forcing the difference to vanish. Option 2 ignores that both cubes equal -1. Option -2 reverses a sign incorrectly. Option 1 drops a factor. Hence the expression equals 0. Plausibility check: since omega and omega^2 are complex conjugates, the two bracketed terms are conjugates, and cubing preserves conjugacy; their difference is twice the imaginary part of a real number, which is zero, confirming the result. The cube roots of unity sit at the vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the unit circle, so their geometric symmetry mirrors the algebraic relation that their sum vanishes. Exploiting omega and omega squared as a conjugate pair, and repeatedly reducing powers using omega cubed equal to one, collapses a wide variety of intimidating expressions to small real numbers with very little computation.
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About This Question
- Subject
- mathematics
- Chapter
- complex numbers and quadratic equations
- Topic
- cube roots of unity
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
0
The non-real cube roots of unity satisfy 1 + omega + omega^2 = 0 and omega^3 = 1, identities that drive most JEE Advanced complex-number simplifications. From the first identity, 1 + omega = -omega^2 and 1 + omega^2 = -omega. Therefore (1 + omega)^3 = (-omega^2)^3 = -omega^6 = -(omega^3)^2 = -1, and (1 + omega^2)^3 = (-omega)^3 = -omega^3 = -1. The required difference is (-1) - (-1) = 0. The symmetry between omega and omega^2 makes the two cubes equal, forcing the difference to vanish. Option 2 ignores that both cubes equal -1. Option -2 reverses a sign incorrectly. Option 1 drops a factor. Hence the expression equals 0. Plausibility check: since omega and omega^2 are complex conjugates, the two bracketed terms are conjugates, and cubing preserves conjugacy; their difference is twice the imaginary part of a real number, which is zero, confirming the result. The cube roots of unity sit at the vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the unit circle, so their geometric symmetry mirrors the algebraic relation that their sum vanishes. Exploiting omega and omega squared as a conjugate pair, and repeatedly reducing powers using omega cubed equal to one, collapses a wide variety of intimidating expressions to small real numbers with very little computation.
This medium difficulty mathematics question is from the chapter complex numbers and quadratic equations, covering the topic of cube roots of unity. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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