Criteria Of Spontaneity

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At constant T and P, spontaneity criterion is:

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1. **Thermodynamic Potentials**: At constant temperature and pressure, the Gibbs free energy ($G$) is the relevant potential.
2. **Gibbs Principle**: A process will occur spontaneously if the system's Gibbs free energy **decreases**.
3. **Mathematical Condition**: $\Delta G < 0$.
4. **Components**: Since $\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$, spontaneity depends on both the heat flow (enthalpy) and the change in disorder (entropy).
5. **Equilibrium**: If $\Delta G = 0$, the system is in a state of chemical equilibrium.

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Criteria Of Spontaneity

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