Coordination Number And Geometry
A central metal ion is surrounded by four ligands and the complex is found to be diamagnetic with a square planar shape; which hybridisation fits this geometry?
Select the correct option:
Solution
dsp2
A coordination number of four can lead to either tetrahedral or square planar geometry, and the distinction is reflected in the hybridisation of the metal. Square planar complexes use dsp^2 hybridisation, which combines one (n-1)d orbital, one ns orbital and two np orbitals to give four hybrid orbitals directed to the corners of a square. This arrangement, typical of d^8 ions like Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) with strong-field ligands, forces electron pairing and commonly produces diamagnetic complexes. The sp^3 option gives tetrahedral geometry and usually leaves unpaired electrons, so it does not match a diamagnetic square planar shape. sp^3d corresponds to a five-coordinate trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, not four. d^2sp^3 is octahedral and six-coordinate. The link between dsp^2 hybridisation and square planar geometry is exactly as presented in NCERT valence bond discussions. Plausibility check: four square-directed hybrids with all electrons paired neatly explain both the geometry and the observed diamagnetism, so the answer is consistent.
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- coordination compounds
- Topic
- coordination number and geometry
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
dsp2
A coordination number of four can lead to either tetrahedral or square planar geometry, and the distinction is reflected in the hybridisation of the metal. Square planar complexes use dsp^2 hybridisation, which combines one (n-1)d orbital, one ns orbital and two np orbitals to give four hybrid orbitals directed to the corners of a square. This arrangement, typical of d^8 ions like Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) with strong-field ligands, forces electron pairing and commonly produces diamagnetic complexes. The sp^3 option gives tetrahedral geometry and usually leaves unpaired electrons, so it does not match a diamagnetic square planar shape. sp^3d corresponds to a five-coordinate trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, not four. d^2sp^3 is octahedral and six-coordinate. The link between dsp^2 hybridisation and square planar geometry is exactly as presented in NCERT valence bond discussions. Plausibility check: four square-directed hybrids with all electrons paired neatly explain both the geometry and the observed diamagnetism, so the answer is consistent.
This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter coordination compounds, covering the topic of coordination number and geometry. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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