Contact Force Between Blocks
Two blocks of masses 2 kg and 3 kg are placed in contact on a smooth horizontal floor, and a horizontal force of 20 N pushes on the 2 kg block so both move together. What is the magnitude of the contact force between the two blocks?
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Solution
12 N
Because the two blocks stay in contact and the floor is smooth, they accelerate together as a single system. The common acceleration follows from Newton's Second Law applied to the combined mass: a=m1+m2F=2+320=4 m/s2. The contact force is the only horizontal force acting on the rear 3 kg block, so by the Second Law applied to that block alone, Fcontact=m2a=3×4=12 N. The 8 N value would be the force on the 2 kg block instead, the wrong member of the pair. The 20 N value wrongly assumes the full applied force transmits unchanged, ignoring that the pushed block also needs accelerating. The 4 N value confuses the acceleration with the force. A revealing thought experiment is to reverse the arrangement and push instead on the 3 kg block; the contact force would then become 2×4=8 N, showing that the internal force depends on which block is pushed and on the mass lying ahead of the contact surface. This is the standard NCERT two-block contact-force analysis, and it embodies the Third Law because each block pushes on the other with equal and opposite contact forces. As a check, the contact force equals the mass-weighted share of the applied force, and a larger trailing block experiences a larger contact push, which holds here.
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About This Question
- Subject
- physics
- Chapter
- laws of motion
- Topic
- contact force between blocks
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
12 N
Because the two blocks stay in contact and the floor is smooth, they accelerate together as a single system. The common acceleration follows from Newton's Second Law applied to the combined mass: a=m1+m2F=2+320=4 m/s2. The contact force is the only horizontal force acting on the rear 3 kg block, so by the Second Law applied to that block alone, Fcontact=m2a=3×4=12 N. The 8 N value would be the force on the 2 kg block instead, the wrong member of the pair. The 20 N value wrongly assumes the full applied force transmits unchanged, ignoring that the pushed block also needs accelerating. The 4 N value confuses the acceleration with the force. A revealing thought experiment is to reverse the arrangement and push instead on the 3 kg block; the contact force would then become 2×4=8 N, showing that the internal force depends on which block is pushed and on the mass lying ahead of the contact surface. This is the standard NCERT two-block contact-force analysis, and it embodies the Third Law because each block pushes on the other with equal and opposite contact forces. As a check, the contact force equals the mass-weighted share of the applied force, and a larger trailing block experiences a larger contact push, which holds here.
This medium difficulty physics question is from the chapter laws of motion, covering the topic of contact force between blocks. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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