Chemical Coordination And Integration

Question

A deficiency in the secretion of a particular posterior pituitary hormone leads to the production of large volumes of dilute urine in a condition known as diabetes insipidus; which hormone is deficient?

RankGuru · Accepted Answer

Hormonal control of water balance is exerted partly by the posterior pituitary. NCERT Class 11, Chapter 22 (Chemical Coordination and Integration) describes antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin, which acts on the kidney tubules to promote reabsorption of water and reduce urine volume. When its secretion is deficient, water reabsorption falls and the body excretes large quantities of dilute urine, the hallmark of diabetes insipidus. Insulin is incorrect; it is a pancreatic hormone lowering blood glucose, and its deficiency causes diabetes mellitus characterised by raised blood sugar, not dilute urine from a water-balance defect. Thyroxine is wrong because it is a thyroid hormone regulating basal metabolic rate, growth and development, with no primary role in renal water conservation. Glucagon is also incorrect; secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, it raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and is unrelated to urine concentration. Hence antidiuretic hormone is the answer. A naming plausibility check supports it: the term diabetes insipidus signifies copious tasteless urine arising from a water-handling fault, which logically points to deficiency of the very hormone that conserves water, namely ADH.

Chemical Coordination And Integration

Select the correct option:

🔒 Solution Hidden from View

More human physiology Practice Questions

Following a carbohydrate-rich meal, blood glucose rises sharply; the pancreatic hormone secreted to ...

Inside red blood cells carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate, and chloride ions move inward to ...

In a standard electrocardiogram recorded from a healthy individual, the QRS complex of the tracing p...

According to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, the observable shortening of a sarco...

The resting neuronal membrane maintains a particular distribution of ions, being relatively impermea...

Given that a heart ejects a stroke volume of 70 mL with each beat while beating 72 times every minut...

During the cross-bridge cycle in skeletal muscle, the regulatory protein that blocks myosin-binding ...

A fall in blood pressure within the afferent arteriole stimulates a specialised cellular complex of ...

A patient suffers from a progressive autoimmune disorder in which fatigue and weakness of skeletal m...

Considering that both kidneys together form filtrate at roughly 125 mL per minute, approximately wha...

At a chemical synapse between two neurons, transmission of the nerve impulse from one cell to the ne...

The rhythmic heartbeat originates without external stimulation from a specialised mass of tissue in ...

About This Question

Solution