Biodiversity And Conservation

Conservation strategies are broadly grouped into in-situ and ex-situ approaches. In-situ conservation means conserving species in their natural habitats by protecting the whole ecosystem, and it includes biodiversity hotspots, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, sacred groves, and biosphere reserves. Because the species described are protected within their natural homes, this is clearly in-situ conservation. Ex-situ conservation is incorrect because it involves protecting threatened species outside their natural habitats, for example in zoological parks, botanical gardens, and seed banks. Cryopreservation is a specific ex-situ technique in which gametes or tissues are preserved at very low temperatures, so it does not match the scenario. Tissue culture conservation is likewise an ex-situ laboratory method for propagating plants, not a way of protecting whole ecosystems in nature. As described in NCERT Class 12, Chapter 15 (Biodiversity and Conservation), protecting entire ecosystems is the most effective way to conserve biodiversity because it safeguards countless interacting species at once. India has identified several biodiversity hotspots and has set up many biosphere reserves, national parks, and sanctuaries, and culturally protected sacred groves in regions such as the Western Ghats also contribute to in-situ preservation. Plausibility check: since the strategy named protects organisms where they naturally live rather than relocating them, the in-situ classification is internally consistent and correct.