Average Power Ac

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Average power in AC circuit with Vrms, Irms and phase angle φ is:

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In an AC circuit where voltage and current have a phase difference $\phi$, the instantaneous power fluctuates. The average power consumed is:
$P_{avg} = V_{rms} I_{rms} \cos \phi$
- The term $\cos \phi$ is called the **Power Factor**.
- For a pure resistor, $\phi = 0^\circ \implies \cos \phi = 1$ (maximum power).
- For a pure inductor or capacitor, $\phi = 90^\circ \implies \cos \phi = 0$ (no power consumed, wattless current).

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