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Angle Between Two Planes

Mediummathematics

Find the acute angle between the two planes represented by the equations x + y + z = 5 and x - y + 2z = 3 in space.

Select the correct option:

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About This Question

Subject
mathematics
Chapter
three dimensional geometry
Topic
angle between two planes
Difficulty
Medium
Year
2025
Tags
advanced-calculus-drillangle between planesnormal vectorsdot productplane geometry

Solution

Correct Answer:

The governing principle is that the angle between two planes equals the angle between their normal vectors, computed as \cos\theta = |n_1 \cdot n_2| / (|n_1||n_2|). This normal-vector method is a standard JEE Advanced approach because a plane's orientation is encoded entirely in its normal. The normals here are n_1 = (1, 1, 1) and n_2 = (1, -1, 2). Their dot product is 1(1) + 1(-1) + 1(2) = 1 - 1 + 2 = 2. The magnitudes are |n_1| = \sqrt{3} and |n_2| = \sqrt{6}, so the product is \sqrt{18}. Hence \cos\theta = 2/\sqrt{18}, giving \theta = \cos^{-1}(2/\sqrt{18}). Option \cos^{-1}(1/\sqrt{2}) corresponds to a 45-degree guess unsupported by the dot product. Option \cos^{-1}(3/\sqrt{18}) wrongly adds the components without sign. Option \cos^{-1}(0) would require perpendicular normals, but the dot product is nonzero. This uses the normal-vector angle theorem for planes, where the absolute value guarantees we report the acute rather than the obtuse angle between the two orientations. It is worth noting that the planes themselves intersect along a line, and the dihedral angle along that line of intersection is precisely the angle captured by their normals. Plausibility check: 2/\sqrt{18} \approx 0.471 lies strictly between 0 and 1, yielding a valid acute angle near 62 degrees, and since the dot product was positive the normals point into a consistent half-space, confirming the acute measure is the correct one.

This medium difficulty mathematics question is from the chapter three dimensional geometry, covering the topic of angle between two planes. It appeared in the 2025 exam.

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