Ammonolysis
Ammonolysis of alkyl halides produces:
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- organic compounds containing nitrogen
- Topic
- ammonolysis
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
Mixture of 1°, 2°, 3° amines and quaternary salt
Ammonolysis involves the nucleophilic attack of ammonia on an alkyl halide. NH3+R−X→R−NH2+HX
- However, the resulting primary amine (R−NH2) is itself a nucleophile and is more reactive than ammonia. It continues to react with remaining alkyl halide:
- R−NH2+R−X→R2NH
- R2NH+R−X→R3N
- R3N+R−X→[R4N]+X− (Quaternary ammonium salt)
- This 'over-alkylation' leads to a mixture of products, making this a poor method for preparing pure primary amines unless a massive excess of ammonia is used.
This medium difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter organic compounds containing nitrogen, covering the topic of ammonolysis. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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