Acidity Of Terminal Alkynes
Among ethane, ethene, and ethyne, the relative ease with which a terminal hydrogen is removed as a proton must be ordered and explained.
Select the correct option:
Solution
Ethyne>Ethene>Ethane
The acidity of a C-H bond depends on the stability of the conjugate base, the carbanion left after the proton departs, and this in turn depends on the hybridization of the carbon holding the negative charge. Greater s-character holds the lone pair closer to the nucleus, stabilizing the carbanion and increasing acidity. In ethyne the carbon is sp hybridized (50% s-character), in ethene it is sp2 (33%), and in ethane it is sp3 (25%). Therefore the order of acidity is ethyne > ethene > ethane, which is why only terminal alkynes react with sodium or ammoniacal silver nitrate to form acetylides. The reverse order is wrong because it would require less s-character to stabilize the anion, contradicting the hybridization argument. Placing ethene first is incorrect since sp2 carbon has less s-character than sp. Equal acidity is impossible because the three carbons differ in hybridization. This is the standard NCERT explanation for acidic hydrogen in alkynes. A plausibility check: the existence of metal acetylides but not corresponding alkene or alkane salts confirms ethyne is the most acidic.
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About This Question
- Subject
- chemistry
- Chapter
- hydrocarbons
- Topic
- acidity of terminal alkynes
- Difficulty
- Easy
- Year
- 2025
Solution
Correct Answer:
Ethyne>Ethene>Ethane
The acidity of a C-H bond depends on the stability of the conjugate base, the carbanion left after the proton departs, and this in turn depends on the hybridization of the carbon holding the negative charge. Greater s-character holds the lone pair closer to the nucleus, stabilizing the carbanion and increasing acidity. In ethyne the carbon is sp hybridized (50% s-character), in ethene it is sp2 (33%), and in ethane it is sp3 (25%). Therefore the order of acidity is ethyne > ethene > ethane, which is why only terminal alkynes react with sodium or ammoniacal silver nitrate to form acetylides. The reverse order is wrong because it would require less s-character to stabilize the anion, contradicting the hybridization argument. Placing ethene first is incorrect since sp2 carbon has less s-character than sp. Equal acidity is impossible because the three carbons differ in hybridization. This is the standard NCERT explanation for acidic hydrogen in alkynes. A plausibility check: the existence of metal acetylides but not corresponding alkene or alkane salts confirms ethyne is the most acidic.
This easy difficulty chemistry question is from the chapter hydrocarbons, covering the topic of acidity of terminal alkynes. It appeared in the 2025 exam.
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